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| Locke Boarding House |
The Locke Boarding House
which sits at the corner of Locke Road and Main Street, in Locke, predates the
other structures in town by at least a couple of years. According to the NCCSAH
the structure was more than likely constructed in early 1910; However, the State Parks Department's website clearly points out that this structure was actually built in 1909, meaning it predates all the buildings in Locke.
It's been thought that the earliest use was as a lodging structure for laborers,
more than likely accommodating the Southern Pacific workers, and the workers at
the G.W. Locke packing shed on the same property nearby. So far, not a lot of
information in regards to who ran the boarding house prior 1921 has surfaced
besides a few newspaper articles dating back to 1915, that mention "dormitories"
on the Locke property that were used for their workers at the packing shed. The first family we are certain that ran it as a true boarding house,
with rooms for rent, was the Kuramoto family.
Almost all mentions of this building include that the house has not been
associated with Chinese residents of Locke. The boarders typically were
Caucasian or Japanese, with occasional Filipinos and Indians (Hindu). According to Peter Cowan, whose father ran a trucking yard in South Locke in the 1950's, many of this building's transient residents were Oklahoma truckers who worked for his father. Peter Cowan said that he also lived in this same boarding house for awhile. Mr. Cowan owns a large portion of South Locke still today (2016), which was part of the Union Oil Company Railyard in the early 1900's, then a few decades later became his father's trucking yard.
The Beginning of Sam's Rooms
Sukiei Kuramoto, Nobu Kuramoto, their daughters Matsue, Kikue and son
Eimi came to the United States and the family eventually ended up in
Locke around 1921, when they bought the boarding house, naming it Sam's
Rooms. According to interviews with Sam Kuramoto, he claimed that his father
loved the name Sam, and that later when he was born in 1928, that is why his
father also called him Sam. They also had another daughter, Haruko who was 7
years older than Sam.
The Kuramoto's lived in the downstairs of the boarding house, on the backside
of the structure, while the upstairs had the rooms for rent. While maintaining
the boarding house, the Kuramoto's also worked in the agricultural field,
traveling to Lodi and Stockton to pick grapes and strawberries, or packing
asparagus and pears in the packing sheds nearby. At times the family would be
gone all week, so the younger children were at home and learned quickly to run
the boarding house if needed, while their parents were gone. In interviews Sam
Kuramoto claimed that his mother didn't believe in locking the doors to their
home, so many times they would come home to find that their furniture or
belongings had been stolen. They blamed it on the Chinese residents.
(There was an animosity between the Japanese and Chinese in Locke, which
stemmed from various reasons which I will go into further detail in an upcoming
blog post.)
By 1936, the patriarch of the Kuramoto family, Sukiei died, leaving Nobu a
widow, with children to raise by herself. She continued to run the boarding
house by herself, and managed to work in the fields picking fruit and
vegetables to make ends meet. Working as a single mother, during the Great
Depression, Nobu still had time to maintain a beautiful garden just behind the
house, on the east side. There she grew vegetables with beautiful flowers
surrounding it.
By the time that the
bombing of Pearl Harbor took place, there were rumors that the Japanese might
be sent away to camps. According to the interview with Sam Kuramoto for the
States Parks, he states that his mother panicked about this, and took everything
she owned anyway related to Japan and burned it. She had taught her children
they were born in America, and to be proud to be American, so it was apparent
that she wanted to prove her loyalty to the country they were living in.
Unfortunately, when the time came in April 1942, the Kuramoto's were forced out
of their home and sent to a detainment facility in Turlock. They would spend
about three months there, before being sent to the Gila River facility in
Arizona.
Gila River Camp
Located 36 miles southeast
of Phoenix, sits the ruins of what once was the Gila River War Relocation
Center, which once held over 13,000 Japanese-Americans. Consisting of two
separate camps, Butte Camp and Canal Camp, the internment facilities were
originally built to house only 10,000 at full capacity. Despite strict
objections from the Gila River Tribe, the site was still used and the camp was
constructed over a short two months, and opened on July 20, 1942.
Internees, as they were
called, were brought in from as far as the Northern California Delta region, as
well as the Central Valley area near Fresno and as far South as Los Angeles.
Approximately, two thousand internees from an internment camp in Arkansas were
also brought in to add to the population at Gila River. Although it was
considered one of the least oppressive camps of its kind, due to the fact they
only had one watchtower and the barbed-wire fences didn’t last, it was in no
way what you could call “comfortable” living.
Butte Camp had a little
over 800 buildings, while Canal Camp had approximately 400. Among the
facilities on site were administration buildings, a hospital, living quarters
or barracks, mess halls, laundry houses, warehouses, police offices, latrine
and shower houses, churches, school houses as well as other buildings to
maintain the camp. Shower rooms consisted of a room with a dozen shower heads
or so, in a community shower atmosphere. The latrine rooms were just rooms
consisting of toilets without stalls or separating areas for individuals. Some
living barracks were divided by blankets and sheets or tarps used as makeshift
walls that separated one living area from the next. The term “shikata ga
nai”, translated as “it cannot be helped,” was used often to summarize the
Japanese internee’s feelings of helplessness in their living conditions.
The Kuramoto's spent 3
years at Gila River until they were able to move to Minnesota to join Nobu's
oldest daughter, who had been released and given a job. The family remained in
Minnesota until 1949, when Sam joined the Army. They never did return to their
home in Locke, although he later recalled driving by on one of their visits to
the delta region many years later.
It is hard to imagine being
ripped from your own home and taken to a strange place, and having no certainty
of what lay ahead. One can only speculate how difficult it must have been for
Nobu to be strong for her family during such a trying time. It is said
that when the Kuramoto's were sent to the internment camps, their neighbor Jack
Ross (who lived in the house just north of them) took over the boarding house
for them. He also ran the gas station and auto mechanic shop in Locke. Now this building is owned by the Department of Parks & Recreation and is used as a museum.
Whenever I visit Locke, the
boarding house is usually the first place I visit. Now, every time I see it, I
will be reminded of the lovely family that made this house a home, and the sad
struggle this family faced during such trying times.
(Copyright 2016- J'aime
Rubio www.jaimerubiowriter.com)
Sources:
Sac Union, July 1915
1930 Census Records,
Family Search
Public Records,
NCCSAH newsletter, 2009
Transcribed Interview of Sam
Kuramoto by Dr. Ettinger, Oral History Project (DPR)
Interview with Martha Esch (about Peter Cowan)
United State Japanese
Americans Relocated During WWII, 1942-1946 database
Photos: Locke Boarding
House, J. Rubio (Copyright 2015)
Gila River Camp - National
Archives; photographer Hikaru Iwasaki (1945)
